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The Japanese yen is the official currency used in Japan. In the international ISO 4217 standard, it is designated by the code JPY. In local use, you will most commonly see the symbols „円” and „¥” – the second one usually appears before the price, e.g. ¥500. One Japanese yen is divided into 100 sen. However, these are no longer in common use. They are used solely for accounting purposes.
Japanese yen coins feature symbols important to the country on their obverse. On the 5-yen coin, we can see a rice ear; on the 50-yen coin, chrysanthemums – a symbol of the imperial family and longevity; and on the 100-yen coin, the cherry blossom, sakura – associated with transience and new beginnings. Interestingly, the 5 JPY coin has a hole in the centre and is considered a lucky charm, believed to bring good fortune and harmonious relationships. Banknotes from the series issued in 2024, meanwhile, feature figures significant to Japanese History. The 1000 JPY note features Shibasaburo Kitasato – a bacteriologist who discovered the plague bacillus and developed a treatment for tetanus. The image of Eiichi Shibusawa – an entrepreneur who helped establish over 500 Japanese companies. The Japanese currency and the stability of the country’s economy are closely linked to demand for its export goods. Japan remains at the forefront of car manufacturing, modern robotics and electronic components. After decades of battling deflation and record-low interest rates, the yen is now entering a new phase of the Bank of Japan’s monetary policy. Despite periodic weakness, the JPY still retains its status as a global „safe haven”.
The Japanese yen was established in 1871. Before this happened, however, the Japanese had to contend with complicated exchange rates and various banknotes issued by over 200 local clans. The monetary system established by the Tokugawa clan had been in operation since the 17th century, with gold, silver and copper coins in circulation. Initially, Japan’s new currency was based on gold, but due to trade relations with China and other Asian countries, the system was switched to silver fairly quickly. One of the best periods for the Japanese yen was during the First World War. European factories were converting to munitions production at that time, and Japanese exports of goods were booming. A few years after the war ended, an earthquake struck. The disaster completely destroyed Tokyo and triggered a financial crisis. A second crisis followed after the Second World War, when the value of the JPY plummeted as a result of hyperinflation. In 1949, Japan decided to adopt a fixed exchange rate against the dollar. One dollar cost 360 yen. From February 1973, the JPY exchange rate became floating and independent of the US currency. In 2012, Japan pursued a policy of aggressively weakening the Japanese yen, aimed at stimulating exports and inflation.
A 1 JPY aluminium coin is so light that it floats on water.
Japanese banknotes are rarely creased or dirty, and giving a damaged banknote as a gift is considered rude.
It is estimated that the Japanese keep over 1.5 trillion yen in cash at home. This is the result of years of deflation, which has sapped the motivation to invest.
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