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The Hungarian forint is the official currency of Hungary. In accordance with ISO 4217, it is denoted by the abbreviation HUF. Within the country, the most commonly used abbreviation is „ft”. 1 forint is divided into 100 fillers; however, due to the widespread use of high-denomination notes, fillers are not in circulation and are used solely for accounting purposes.
The denomination of Hungarian coins can be identified not only by the value stated on them, but also by their size. The higher the amount, the larger the coin. They are available in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 forints. Banknotes come in denominations of 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10 000 and 20 000 HUF. Their obverse sides feature images of figures key to Hungarian history.The 500 HUF note features Prince Francis II Rákóczi. Holders of the 1000 HUF note can see the image of King Matthias Corvinus, whilst the 10 000 HUF note features St Stephen, the first King of Hungary. The coins, meanwhile, feature plant and animal species protected in the country, such as herons (5 HUF) and irises (20 HUF), as well as the Hungarian coat of arms. The Hungarian currency and the state of the country’s economy are heavily dependent on exports. Car factories and lithium-ion battery manufacturers operate there with great vigour. After years of high inflation, the forint is currently in a phase of stabilisation, although the HUF remains vulnerable to Hungary’s relations with the European Union.
The name „forint” has its roots in Florence, where in the 13th century coins known as „fiorino d’oro”, meaning „golden flower”, were minted. This name spread across almost half of Europe, but it is in Hungary that a modified version of it has survived to this day. The origins of the Hungarian currency date back to 1325, when King Charles Robert put it into circulation. Following the defeat by the Turks in 1526, the Habsburgs took over the Hungarian crown, and consequently, the forints were replaced by Austrian gulden. During the Spring of Nations in 1848, the Hungarians launched an uprising against Austria. Its leader, Lajos Kossuth, began printing the first paper forints, which, despite the defeat, became a symbol of the Hungarian struggle for independence. A turning point came in 1892. The gulden was abolished and replaced by the Austro-Hungarian crown. Thirty-five years later, following defeat in the First World War, Hungary was forced to introduce another currency. This time, the choice fell on the pengő. However, it did not last long. The main reason was the hyperinflation the country faced after the Second World War. A year after the war ended, the forint was reinstated. This was followed by a redenomination. 1 forint replaced 400 quadrillion (29 zeros!) pengő. The new currency was now backed by precious metals. This was aided by gold that had previously been exported to the West.
Until 2008, coins with a value of 1 and 2 HUF were in circulation. They were withdrawn due to their low value.
It is estimated that the production of export goods accounts for as much as 80% of Hungary’s GDP.
The Hungarian hyperinflation that occurred after the Second World War remains the worst in the country’s history to this day.
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